Jugular venous pressure

Look between the two heads of sternocleidomastoid.

Characteristics:

1. double wave (a & v)
2. vertical height
3. not palpable
4. changes with position
5. occlusible above clavicle, fills from above
6. hepatojugular reflux
7. Valsalva's manoevre

If raised => raised R atrial pressure, PE, pericardial effusion.

Change with respiration.

Hypovolaemia, dehydration.